The Role of Women in American Society Essay -- America Society Culture

The Role of Wo hands in American SocietyWo partpower and men ar nestled into predetermined cultural molds when it comes to grammatical gender in American society. Women play the roles of mothers, housekeepers, and servants to their husbands and children, and men act as providers, protectors, and heads of the household. These gender roles stem from the many culture myths that exist pertaining to America, including those of the model family, education, liberty, and of gender. The majority of these myths are misconceptions, save linger because we, as Americans, do not analyze or question them. The misconception of gender suggests that biological truths no longer dictate our gender roles as men and women they derive from cultural myths. We, as a nation, need to do severe critical thinking about this delusion of gender, how has limited us in the home, media, and education, how it shortly limits us, and what the results of the current and future changes in gender roles will be.Throughou t history, the roles of men and women in the home suggested that the husband would provide for his family, usually in a sea captain field, and be the head of his household, while the submissive wife remained at home. This wifes only jobs included childcare, housekeeping, and placing dinner on the table in bowel movement of her family. The roles women and men played in earlier generations exemplify the way society limited men and women by placing them into gender specific molds biology has never claimed that men were the sole survivors of American families, and that women were the only ones capable of making a pot roast. This depiction of the typical family has evolved. For example, in her observation of American families, author Judy Root Aulette storied that more families practice Egalitarian ideologies and are in favor of gender equality. Women are more likely to participate in the workforce, while men are more likely to share in housework and childcare (apa). Todays American f amilies have broken the Ward and June Cleaver mold, and continue to mystify stronger and more sufficient. Single parent families currently become increasingly popular in America, with single men and women taking on the roles of both mother and father. This deflect in the gender rules would have, previously, been unheard of, but in the evolution of gender in the family, its now socially acceptable, and very common.What i... ...s. A woman in the office no longer takes messages, makes coffee, and runs off copies for her male boss she represents top clients, holds important business meetings, and flies across the country for professional conferences. A man no longer spends 85% of his time working to support a housewife and kids he can stay at home, and run errands and raise children and not risk being put to social shame. Couples on TV sleep in the same bed rather than separate twin beds, with or without man and wife bands, and not necessarily man and woman.American society needs to break from the mold of the myth of gender, which suggests that society and culture dictate our roles as men and women, as can only restrict us into unnecessary conformity. The opinion of society should no longer decide who we are, what we do, and what were capable of doing. We, as Americans, need to profoundly analyze and question this fallacy of gender and the way it restricts us at home, in the media, and in the classroom. If we continue to follow the invisible guidelines of in invisible rulebook, were destined to hurt ourselves and our future generations by remaining nestled into our cultural cocoons and never shedding them.

Sustainable Design and Construction Essay -- Green Building, Sustainab

Our world faces energy concerns, global warming, climate change, water shortages, soaring housing costs, economic instability, and dwindling natural resources. In addition, an inordinate add together of construction waste is produced each day. It is essential to begin taking steps to prevent this pattern from continuing to take us down the road t environmental destruction. The engineers, architects and developers of today, more than ever, share an obligation to create new and innovative structures to turn this cycle around. Buildings and development have an enormous impact on our timber of life and the quality of our environment, both in construction and in operations. Buildings expend 40% of the worlds energy, 25% of its wood harvest and account for 16% of its water consumption 1, all resources we cannot afford to waste. Buildings of the future need to take the step beyond shelter and work places and perform as efficient, economic, environmentally level-headed spaces in which we can thrive and endure. It is our responsibility to utilize our knowledge and scientific research to move forward in the realm of design. Sustainable design, or greens building, looks to create high performance buildings that improve our health as well as the health of the environment we live in.What is Green Building?According to the environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Green or sustainable building is the practice of creating healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition.2 Among the many constituents of sustainable design are improvements in water usage, waste reduction, use of recycled materials, reduced energy consumption, and an aesthetically pleasing environment for inhabitants... ...02.pdf. United States Green Building Council, Meet the USGBC, 2003, USGBC, 27 Feb. 2004, http//www.usgbc.org/AboutUs/mission_facts.asp. Ian Barbour, Ethics in an Age of Technology The Gifford Lectures, Volume two (New Yor k HarperCollins, 1993) 34. The Engineering Handbook, Chapter Six Ethics, Santa Clara University School of Engineering, 27 Feb. 2004, http//cseserv.engr.scu.edu/NQuinn/ENGR019_301Winter2004/EngrHandbook_Ethics.pdf. James Rachels, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, 4th ed. (San Francisco McGraw Hill, 2003) 128. The Engineering Handbook, http//cseserv.engr.scu.edu/NQuinn/ENGR019_301Winter2004/EngrHandbook_Ethics.pdf. Barbour, 57. Thomas Shanks, S.J., Ph.D., How Did I put out Today?, 2003, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, 27 February 2004, http//www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/today.html.

Hamlet is Too Smart for Himself :: English Literature Essays

Why Hamlet is Too Smart for HimselfHamlet only kills Claudius when he has also murdered the queen, Laertes, and has also poisoned himself. It takes a threat of death to do what his own dead father orders him to do. A largely held opinion is that he is to emotional to do it, but it is when his emotions all get under ones skin together that he murders Polonius. Another opinion is that he to full of morals to kill, but how then can he alter a note and literally sentence two old friends who were just following orders too death. It is also believed that he is too cowardly to go through with it, but if a existence is bold enough to face a ghost, confront a queen and kill an eavesdropper, than what should stop him from avenging his father and ridding Denmark of the disease that infests its royal line. The answer is simple, he is to smart to get around to doing it. Hamlets is a mind to be reckoned with. He thinks things out rather than just act on impulse. No matter what the situation, the re is unendingly something that stands in his way that a more impulsive, emotional man might overlook or just ignore. By thinking things over he gives Claudius time to figure out what he knows. If he had acted faster things may have turned out differently for our intellectual prince. The Brain can be a slow, bungling thing that is constantly tripping over its own feet whereas a body controlled by emotion knows no limits. A complex mind bequeath often add more and more factors and problems into the situation than is necessary. For example, why feign madness? What purpose does this really serve? All it did was isolate him from those that he loved. quite than directly confront the king, Hamlet embarks upon a wild, complex scheme to discredit and trap Claudius. Wouldnt it have helped things out a lot more to forgo the parody and just be good old Hamlet. That way nobody would have suspected anything and Hamlet would have had lots more emotional support from those that meant the clo sely to him. Dont get me wrong though. Some of Hamlets plans almost worked out. The play for example. Claudius was so filled with rage that he was reduced to a stuttering imbecile and was ready to slaughter the actors repair out in front of everybody.

America Needs Prayer in the Public Schools :: essays papers

America Needs Prayer in the Public Schools Education is a very valuable thing. It gives us knowledge and judgment of the world we are to someday face on our own. Yet education is always a seriously debated paying back. What should be taught? What shouldnt be taught? How should we teach it? For example the issue of whether or not God should be allowed to be taught in naturalizes is a fiercely argued subject.In an article taken from the Waukesha freeman on December 5, 1999, a public school teacher had been fired and faces up to 6 months in prison all because a little child asked him how the world got here and he replied God put it here. The written law forbids public school teachers to refer to God or creation in any manner. The theory of creation can not be taught in class rooms because of its direct relation to the Christian religion. Religion is not to be taught in public school because it is believed that it is pushing a faith onto the kids against the parents will. Was the teacher wrong for simply sharing his view with his student? In todays world, we are quickly learning that it doesnt matter how you arrange it, Jesus is always bad.It baffles me that education is so limited and pointed in one direction They refuse to teach Christ in the schools, but yet, they jubilantly teach the theory of evolution, the big bang theory, and basically any other means of creation the school system can find. For a country that is so worried about what their children are learning, they still struggle with the fact that there are kids that attend public schools and still cant read by their junior course of instruction in high school. The funding is non-excitant and the teachers are few. What a mess.In the Arabian countries, they too fuddle operated there schools according to beliefs and religion. In the past four years, they have declared that women are not allowed to hold a job of any kind. Their religion states that females are to stay at home and be good crim e syndicate wives. According to Time magazine of June 1995, 78% of the Arabian school teachers were women.

Prevention of Child Abuse Through Education and Intervention :: Child Abuse Domestic Violence

Most questions have answers and sometimes explanations, but there have been many answers to the question of why people abuse boorren. The injury of a child being abused can be described in various ways. Child abuse is the mistreatment or maltreatment of a child whether it is mental, physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, or psychological abuse. Child abuse is a traumatic experience.Child abuse is often synonymous with the name child maltreatment or the term of child abuse and neglect. It has been said that the trauma of being physical, mental, emotional, or sexual abuse as a child can effect an individual for the proportion of his or her life. Such abuse can severely damage a victims self-esteem. The effects of abuse are often pervasive in the mental, physical, and social nature. Suicide, violence, delinquency, medicate and alcohol abuse, and other forms of criminality are also child abuse related.Those who believe child abuse is extremely prevalent push for much scrappy child p rotection system that would allow charges to be investigated and prosecuted more efficiently. The increasing involvement has encouraged many people to be concern with awareness and understanding. bingle of the major causes of a child being abused is, when he or she is in an un abiding family. Unstable families, characterized by frequent changes of partnership, are replacing stable marriages. For a mother, this result is a greater stress and isolation from the child. Frequent family changes also result in frequent role changes for adults in the household, leading to more confusion and more stress for the entire family. In the two part families, mainly the stepfamilies, great deals of conflicts are presented. Of these parents, slightly 71 percent fought regularly about the children, 81 percent had a conflict over the use of alcohol in the home. Many of the females received very little poise and positive feedback from parents in the home. The abusing family lives in a manner that sepa rates the bearing and raising of children from traditional marriage. This undermines the well being of children. For every one- hundred children born in the United States, twelve entered miserable families, either by being born out of wedlock or through their parents obtaining a divorce. In such circumstances children are most in all likelihood to suffer abuse and neglect, and new subcultures of abuse. Origins of religiously justified child abuse may seem hard to believe, but it occurs very frequently. Medical neglect fit(p) by religious beliefs is another route through which children become victims of religious ideology.

Essay --

society poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary defines poverty as the rural area of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money on material possessions. In other words poverty is a situation where a person fail to earn a sufficient amount of income to purchase basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothes etc. In reality, poverty is much more than the capital resources. According to Laster Brown explained poverty as the world without orders and further emphasized that unfortunately it is a human condition. It is despair, mourning and pain. However, the issue of poverty and how we deal with it could differ among people. This idea is reflected in Peter Singers Famine, Affluence and faith essay and the opposing essay create verbally by John Arthur in World hunger and moral obligation the case against Singer. Peter Singer raises the question of poverty and our obligations toward it in his essay Famine, Affluenc e, and Morality. In the essay, Singer addresses the question of what obligations we have toward those ar...

Essay --

society poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary defines poverty as the stir of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money on material possessions. In other words poverty is a situation where a person fail to earn a sufficient amount of income to purchase basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothes etc. In reality, poverty is much more than the capital resources. According to Laster Brown explained poverty as the world without orders and further emphasized that unfortunately it is a human condition. It is despair, trouble and pain. However, the issue of poverty and how we deal with it could differ among people. This idea is reflected in Peter Singers Famine, Affluence and worship essay and the opposing essay written by John Arthur in World hunger and moral obligation the case against Singer. Peter Singer raises the question of poverty and our obligations toward it in his essay Famine, Affluence, and Morali ty. In the essay, Singer addresses the question of what obligations we have toward those ar...

Compare Historical and Current Features of Public Health Essay

This essay will compare the 19th, twentieth and twenty-first speed of light in relation to the main public health strategies used in United Kingdom. It will as well as compare the similarities and differences of the living conditions in towns and cities between the deuce-ace named centuries above. In comparing the differences between 19th, 20th and twenty-first century, the living conditions in the 19th century caused so many deaths.This is because health was very poor and slew went through many health issues such as poor and over-crowded housing which caused the rapid spread of diseases, pollution and poor environment as people were vile to the causes and consequences of the pollution and poor sewage system which brought ab go forth terrible smell that was unbearable for living. Additionally, the poor law system in the 19th century, this strategy was curry to take care of the under privileged mentioned above, such as the lower class people. Moreover in the 19th century, there was an episode of cholera bang which claimed so many lives.The cholera episode that was killing people became an interest to Dr John Snow (1813-1858). He did various investigations and he eventually found pointed out in his investigation a particular water supply that was coming from the contaminated River Thames was the cause of the cholera outbreak. In Beveridges report in the 20th century, it helped to bring a change to the educational standards in the areas that were highly affected by poverty. The Beveridge report stated that all working people must overcompensate weekly contributions, those contributions were used as benefits by the government to pay people who were sick, unemployed, retired and widowed.The benefits helped the under privileged to meet some of their basic needs which were impossible for them in the 19th century. The National Health Service came into effectiveness by Clement Attlees, who was one of the members of the Labour Government due to the outcome of Sno ws report. With the 21st century, the public health was drastically changed compared to the 19th and 20th century. This was because the public health white paper, choosing health making healthy choices easier, (2004) was introduced as the awareness of health was ontogeny in size which forced the government to bring bout the public health white paper.This document promoted societal fairness, dealing with broad causes of ill-health, inequality in the society as well as identifying individuals needs to support and empower them. In the 21th century, people are more informed technology and science comport remedyd, making better medical system more efficient and effective with more improved living conditions, compared to the two previous centuries. The similarities between the 19th, 20th and 21st Century was that famous personalities mentioned above aimed at improving the health of the populace over time.They all carried out numerous investigations and research to bring about unequivo cal results. In the 21st, there was the Health Protection Agency, an independent organisation that focuses on protecting individuals health throughout the UK. There is also the National Institute for clinical Excellency also an independent organisation their responsibility is to provide national guidance and treatment of ill-health which has improved the living standard, condition and a huge return of health in the wider UK population. Conclusion Before public health came into effect living condition was very poor causing premature death.There was also inequality the wealthy could afford to live in better areas, good education and to pay for good medical treatment. The under privileged were left with no choice but to live one day at a time. In the 20th and 21st century, there were so many strategies used to improve health and inequality in Britain. However in the 21th century, there were more strategies implemented to improve public health which were set out in a document and had t hree foundation values. All these was put together to improve, protect and empower the lives of individuals in the UK population.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay

Meet the Client Jeff smithThirty-two-year-old Jeff Smith is admitted from his wellnessc are suppliers office to the acute contend facility. Jeff was diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus positive 2 years ago. His history includes fatigue, a productive cough, and weight loss. A tuberculosis (TB) undress test was administered in the health financial aid exitrs office. Admission prescriptions include isolation precautions for possible tuberculosis.Admission ProcedureThe blow welcomes Jeff to a private means at the end of the h on the whole. According to hospital protocol, the defend puts on a masquerade party before starting the admission process. Jeff tells the nurse that his confederate is downst distri simplyes and that he would like his partner to stay in the room with him.1.How should the nurse respond?A) Your health care supplier wants you to get some remnant.IN putJeff is requesting an probability for psychosocial support, which should be reward by the nurse.B) Y our partner whitethorn stay, but only after we have the results of his tuberculin sputter test. senselessSignifi crumbt oppo grades whitethorn stay with appropriate protective equipment. C) Your partner may stay, but he look ats to rupture a drape. makeJeffs partner may stay in the room, but he should wear a secrete to help decrease the possibility of contracting the TB organism.D) You acceptt want to guess infecting your partner with TB, do you? f in allaciousJeffs partner has already been exposed. In addition, this response denies Jeff the support he is requesting.Jeffs partner, Anthony, arrives. Jeff wants to do it why a mask is necessary for people entering his room.2.What pedagogy should the nurse implement?A) Explain the practice session of a private room and mobile high-efficiency particle filters placed in the room. irrationalThese are necessary precautions against infectious, mobile diseases such as TB. However, providing this information does non answer Jef fs question.B) Explain that the tuberculosis organism is most often splay through the air. When an infected someone coughs or sneezes, they produce infectious droplets that can be breathed in by another person. jellThis answer put ups Jeff the scientific rationale for wearing a mask. C) Tell Jeff that tuberculosis result not be spread to others, and everything will be okay if the mask is worn. infatuatedThis is false information. Wearing a mask will not prevent the contr fulfil of tuberculosis (TB), but it will reduce the risk of contracting the disease. D) Tell Jeff that masks are required for those persons who do not agree to be vaccinated with BCG vaccine. monstrousThe BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is not generally recommended for use in the United States. It is only used here for very distinguish persons who image specific criteria. IsolationThe unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) asks why Jeff could not be in an empty semiprivate room c loser to the nurses stati on so the rung would not have to walk so far to entrust care.3.What information should the nurse provide to the UAP on transmission system control practices? A) The invitee needs to be at the end of the hall because he requires privacy. ill-advisedThis is not the earth for the location of Jeffs room.B) The implementation of airborne precautions for possible TB requires a private, negative pressure room assignment.CORRECTAccording to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), in addition to isolating Jeff by using a private room, engineering controls can help to prevent the spread of TB. Controlling the direction of the airflow can prevent contamination of air in adjacent areas. C) A private room is required to implement contact precautions for possible TB. falseAirborne precautions, rather than contact precautions, are required to prevent the spread of TB.D) The client needs to be at the end of the hall for confidentiality.INCORRECTConfidentiality is provided for every client, rega rdless of the clients room location. The nurse notices the UAP about to enter Jeffs room to deliver a meal tray without wearing every protective apparel.4.What information should the nurse provide to the UAP?A) A mask is required for healthcare workers entering the room of someone suspected of having active TB.CORRECTTB is spread by airborne transmission of droplet nuclei. A nearly fitting, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask is necessary to filter the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. B) Wearing a mask, gown, and gloves is required for healthcare workers entering Jeffs room for any reason. INCORRECTThe only protective apparel required when entering the room is a HEPA mask. C) The UAP will only be in the room for a truncated moment to deliver the tray, so no disturbance is needed by the nurse.INCORRECTSince TB is spread by airborne transmission of droplet nuclei, a HEPA mask is necessary for the UAP to wear. The nurse needs to inform the UAP of this and ensure that app ropriate PPE is worn in Jeffs room.D) Non-sterile gloves are necessary to deliver the meal and prevent the spread of TB.INCORRECTGloves do not prevent the transmission of an airborne organism. Specimen CollectionAn acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain is part of the initial admission prescriptions. Early cockcrow unemotionality specimens will be collected for 3 consecutive days and sent to the lab. 5.Which proletariat(s) may the nurse delegate to the UAP? (Select all that apply.) A) Tell Jeff that the specimen moldiness be collected in the early morning. CORRECTThis task may be delegated.B) Provide Jeff with 3 sterile specimen cups at his bedside.CORRECTThis task may be delegated.C) Teach the client how to cough to obtain sputum from deep in the bronchi.INCORRECTTeaching is a function of the nurse that cannot be delegated. Jeff needs to be taught to cough deeply, using the diaphragm to produce sputum from the bronchi instead of saliva from the vocal cavity. D) Document the date and d ate that each sputum specimen was collected.CORRECTThis task may be safely delegated. However, it is the nurses responsibility to ensure that the documentation is completed and sent with the specimen to the lab. E) respect Jeffs abilty to expectorate a sputum specimen.INCORRECTThis task may not be delegated.Jeff is scheduled for several activities the following morning. 6.Which activity should Jeff perform setoff upon awakening?A) Eat a nutritionally dense, early morning snack sent from the intellectual nourishment serve department.INCORRECTWhile small, nutritionally dense meals and snacks are necessary for clients with human immunodeficiency virus and/or TB, another action is of greater frontity. B) Obtain the jump of 3 sputum specimens for laboratory testing.CORRECTBecause secretions collect during the night, Jeff should have a bun in the oven the opportunity to cough and expectorate upon awakening before performing other morning activities.C) Take a shower and get ready to go to radiology for a chest X-ray.INCORRECTAnother action is of greater precedency.D) Weigh to determine if weight loss from the disease is continuing.INCORRECTAlthough daily weight monitoring may be done, another action is of greater priority. Legal/Ethical ConceptsA female staff nurse tells the breast feeding supervisor that she does not want to be assigned to care for Jeff. She states, I have never cared for a client with HIV and do not want to start now. I have babies at home that need me. 7.The nursing supervisor should base her response on what information about the right of a nurse to deny to care for clients with HIV? A) The registered nurse has the right and responsibility to protect the health of self and family and may therefore refuse to care for clients with contagious diseases.INCORRECTThis answer does not meet the professional guidelines set forth by the ANA Code for Nurses that guide ethical nursing practice. B) The registered nurse may refuse to care for a clien t in circumstances where risk to the nurse outweighs the nurses responsibility to care for a client or if the assignment conflicts with the nurses ethical standards.CORRECTAccording to the ANA Code for Nurses, a nurse may morally refuse to participate in care, but only on the grounds of either client advocacy or moral objection to a specific type of intervention. Exceptions may be made when risk of harm outweighs the nurses responsibility to care for a boundn client. For example, an immunosuppressed nurse may refuse to care for clients with certain infectious processes. The pregnant nurse may refuse to care for the client with HIV who has secondary contagious diseases such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus, both of which can cause severe damage or death to the fetus. C) Refusal to treat or care for a person based on race, gender, or age is discrimination, which the federal government prohibits.INCORRECTThe nurse in this case is not refusing to care for the client based on thesep arameters. If the nurse did refuse, it would be illegal. D) The required staffing ratio of licensed personnel to client population does not allow for professional nurses to refuse to care for a client.INCORRECTStaffing ratio is a budgeting issue. Nurses in many states may claim safe harbor if they feel staffing is unsafe, but this is not the reason given for refusal in this case.8.How should the nursing supervisor respond to the staff nurse who does not want to care for Jeff? A) I understand. I will assign you to a different client and give Jeff to one of the other nurses.INCORRECTThis response does not provide an opportunity to assess if something else is needed. B) I understand you are concerned, but I am concerned about you losing your job over this.INCORRECTNot only is addressing possible dismissal of the nurse premature, this response does not provide an opportunity to assess whether something else is needed. C) I understand your fears, but do you realize this will cause a hard ship on your fellow staff members?INCORRECTThis response does not help develop the nurse as a team member, nor does it provide an opportunity to assess if something else is needed. D) I understand you want to protect your children. Please tell me your concerns regarding caring for a client with HIV.CORRECTThis response by the nurse supervisor demonstrates compassion and provides an opportunity to discover if education of the staff nurse is needed. Client EducationThe nurse checks on Jeff and finds him reading a brochure about TB. 9.Which statement by Jeff indicates that he understands why he is at risk for TB? A) I realize my protagonist T cells are diminished from HIV. Those are the cells needed to fight TB.CORRECTHIV attacks the CD4 receptors on the helper T cells that help the body fight off diseases such as TB. B) I may get tuberculosis because my viral load search is diminished.INCORRECTAn increased HIV viral load indicates disease progression and puts the clientat risk for o pportunistic infections. A decreased viral load count is desirable. It is a goal of anti-HIV therapy. C) I am at risk for developing TB because I was born with a low number of helper T cells.INCORRECTThis may indicate Jeff is in denial or lacks correct information. The human immunodeficiency virus is acquired rather than genetic in origin. D) I realize I am at risk for acquiring TB because I used intravenous drugs in the past.INCORRECTJeff could have been exposed to HIV and hepatitis virus from a contaminated needle. However, the temper of transmission of the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli is through respiratory secretions, not blood-borne routes. After 3 days, the nurse receives the results from Jeffs tuberculin skin test that was administered at his healthcare suppliers office. Even though Jeffs reaction to the tuberculin skin test measures only 5 mm in diameter, the healthcare provider documents a positive test result. A new graduate nurse finds this confusing. She tells he r preceptor that she thought a 10 mm induration was the minimum size of it for a positive reading. 10.How should the nurse-preceptor respond?A) This confuses me, too. I think we need to consult with the healthcare provider.INCORRECTThe nurse-preceptor should be able to explain the tuberculin skin test result. B) That is not of all time true. A 5 mm induration is considered positive for TB in a person with HIV.CORRECTThe person with HIV has diminished T cell immunity, which compromises their ability to react to skin tests. Therefore, an induration of 5 mm is considered a positive reaction, rather than the standard of 10 to 15 mm for other groups. C) It may be that you are confusing induration with inflammation in skin testing results.INCORRECTThe hardened, raised area of induration at the site of the skin test is measured. Any flat, reddened area of inflammation is not measured. The graduate nurse did not indicate confusion between the two. D) Lets ask the nurse-practitioner who spe cializes in caring for clients who are HIVpositive.INCORRECTAlthough the practitioner is an excellent resource, the nurse-preceptor should be able to explain the tuberculin skin test result.Pharmacotherapeutics/Medication validationBefore breakfast, the nurse brings Jeff the HIV medicines that are due. Jeff inquires about his other medications, stating, I take all my HIV pills at once before breakfast. I dont want to bother with this disease all day long11.How should the nurse reply?A) To be most effective, HIV medications are prescribed on different schedules.CORRECTSome HIV inhibitors need to be given on an empty stomach and some need to be given with food for top hat effectiveness. Many need to be taken around the clock, even if sleep is disrupted, to ensure drug efficacy. B) All right. I will give the rest to the UAP to bring in as soon as possible.INCORRECTThis is not the correct way for Jeff to take his medication, nor is it within the UAPs scope of practice to give medicati ons. C) We are just trying to provide you with the best nursing care possible on this unit.INCORRECTThat is a defensive reply, which does not contribute to educating Jeff. D) We need your cooperation to help fight this disease.INCORRECTThis reply is judgmental and implies that Jeff is uncooperative, which he is not. Jeff responds by agreeing to take his medications as prescribed. He then states, However, I dont know what good they will do. Do you? 12.How should the nurse respond?A) I honestly do not know, but I would give it a try. What is there to lose?INCORRECTThis response does not educate Jeff about the purpose of the HIV meds. B) The main purpose of these medicines is to closure the replication of the HIV virus.CORRECTThe purpose of the antiretroviral and inhibitor medicines is to block the replication of the HIV virus and prevent opportunistic diseases. C) You should talk to your healthcare provider about your medications.INCORRECTThe nurse should be able to answer Jeffs ques tion about his medications. D) Tell me about the experiences your friends have had with these medicines.INCORRECTExploration of how Jeff formed his opinion would be better if left until after the nurse answers Jeffs question. Jeffs healthcare provider has to a fault prescribed the antibiotic Rifater. This drug is a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. 13.What information is important to teach Jeff about the use of Rifater? (Select all that apply.) A) Rifampin stains urine, stool, saliva, sweat, and tears reddish-orange.CORRECTThis teaching can help Jeff prepare for this side effect without anxiety. B) Liver function tests should be routinely conducted and monitored. CORRECTThe major side effect of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide is drug-induced hepatitis. Therefore, Jeff must be taught the importance of having blood samples drawn to monitor his liver function. C) There is no need to wear sunscreen when exposed to sunlight while taking Rifater.INCORRECTPyrazin amide may make the skin sensitive to sunlight, and this should be taught to the client. D) Supplemental Vitamin B6 may be prescribed.CORRECTJeff may be prescribed Vitamin B6 to prevent peripheral neuritis, a side effect of isoniazid (INH). E) Rifater has been known to cure HIV within a few months of taking it.INCORRECTRifater is a first-line anti-tubeculin drugNursing DiagnosisJeff has been diagnosed with the opportunistic disease TB. He has experienced weight loss and has a CD4 cell count of 240 cells/mm3. The healthcare provider moves Jeff from the HIV asymptomatic stage (CDC HIV Infection Stage 1) to the HIV Infection Stage 3 (AIDS). 14.What is the priority nursing diagnosis for Jeff at this time? A) Risk for new opportunistic infections related to decreased immune function.CORRECTSince Jeffs immune system is no longer competent, he is at risk for additional opportunistic infections. Immune problems start when the CD4 cell count drops below 500 cells/mm3. Preventing infections i s a basic need and is a high priority in the immunocompromised client. B) Social isolation related to worsening of condition.INCORRECTSocial isolation should be addressed, but there is a higher priority nursing diagnosis. C) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements related to medication side effects.INCORRECTAlthough this is frequently a side effect of taking HIV and TB medications, there is a higher priority nursing diagnosis.D) Fatigue related to altered body chemistry.INCORRECTAlthough the client initially complained of fatigue, there is a nursing diagnosis with a higher priority.Infection ControlOne of the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) says, Now that Jeffs condition has worsened and he has been moved to the HIV Symptomatic stage, shouldnt added precautions be posted on Jeffs door to protect staff members? 15.What information should the nurse give the UAP?A) Following standard precautions will minimize the exposure to blood and body fluids.CORRECTStandard precauti ons are designed to prevent contact with blood or body fluids, which are the mode of transmission for HIV, and are used no matter what the stage classification of the disease. B) Reverse isolation procedures should be implemented to protect the staff.INCORRECTReverse isolation protects the immune-compromised client, not the staff. C) Respiratory precautions are all that are needed, and those are already posted on the door.INCORRECTThis does not address the UAPs concerns about taproom of HIV transmission from client to staff. D) Staff members caring for Jeff should begin prophylaxis medications. INCORRECTUnless HIV exposure occurs, staff should not begin the postexposure prophylacis regimen. The UAP has been assigned to help Jeff bathe. As the UAP prepares to enter Jeffs room, the nurse observes her putting on a gown, gloves, mask, and gawk. 16.What should the nurse say to the UAP?A) I see you are putting on a gown, gloves, mask, and goggles to go into the clients room. Help me und erstand this choice.CORRECTThis type of open-ended statement seeks clarification and invites the UAP into a dialog where teaching can take place. The nurse can then educate the UAP concerning the proper use of equipment. Standard precautions (for HIV) require that gloves be worn, and respiratory precautions (for TB) require that a mask be worn. look and a gown are not necessary. B) Dont you know all that equipment is not necessary?INCORRECTThis statement is overly aggressive and may seem demeaning to the UAP. C) Wearing all that equipment is a waste of hospital supplies. INCORRECTWhile it is important to ensure effective use of resources, this statement is faultfinding and negative and may cause the UAP to become defensive. D) Wearing all that equipment may frighten Jeff.INCORRECTWhile the excessive equipment may frighten Jeff, there is a better response. Oral CandidiasisThe nurse notices that Jeff has left most of his dinner untouched. The nurse offers to order something differen t for Jeff, but he replies that his mouth is sore and he just doesnt feel like eating. 17.Which assessment finding by the nurse would be indicative of oral candidiasis, a common secondary infection in persons with compromised immune systems? A) Blisters on the tongue or oral mucosa.INCORRECTThis is a sign of herpes simplex type virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. B) sack of the gums.INCORRECTThis is a symptom of gingivitis.C) Painless white lesions on the lateral surface of the tongue.INCORRECTThis is a description of leukoplakia.D) White-yellow patches on the tongue or oral mucosa.CORRECTThis sign is indicative of a Candida albicans infection. It is a common finding in people with HIV, and it frequently occurs with a falling CD4 cell count. The nurse notifies the healthcare provider, who prescribes nystatin (Mycostatin) 6 ml PO 4 times per day.18.What instruction should the nurse give Jeff about the use of liquid Mycostatin? A) Place all of the suspension in the mouth, then swish and swall ow immediately.INCORRECTThis is not the proper way to take liquid Mycostatin.B) Sip the suspension over 5 elegants, swishing and swallowing after each sip.INCORRECTThis is not the proper way to take liquid Mycostatin.C) Place the suspension in the mouth, then swish for several pures before swallowing.CORRECTThis swish and swallow technique is the proper way to take liquid Mycostatin. Providers also recommend gargling, as well as swishing, prior to swallowing. D) Use the applicator to paint the medication on the infected sites and swallow the stay dose.INCORRECTThis describes the recommended procedure for young children or infants taking Mycostatin.Nutritional InterventionsJeff Smith is 5 feet, 11 inches tall. He has a large frame and weighs 152 pounds. His current BMI (body mass index) is 17.4. Jeff says he realizes he should eat, but he does not have the zip fastener or the appetite, even when he has no oral pain. The nurse identifies the nursing diagnosis of, Imbalanced Nutrit ion less than body requirements. 19.To achieve the goal of alter Jeffs nutrition, which nursing intervention should the nurse perform? A) Consult with Jeff to assess his food preferences.CORRECTDetermining Jeffs food preferences is a good first step. It is essential that Jeff be an active participant in his care so he has some control. If a favorite food is not on the menu, it can be requested. B) Request a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).INCORRECTWhile this may eventually be needed, it is not the best intervention at this point. C) Inform Jeff that adequate nutrition is essential.INCORRECTJeff has already indicated he understands the need to eat.D) Instruct Jeff to focus on breakfast, the most important meal of the day.INCORRECTIt is not necessary to focus on breakfast. Adequate nutrition can be achieved from meals eaten throughout the day. 20.Since Jeff now has thrush, in addition to fatigue and anorexia, which food best contributes to improving Jeffs nutrition? A) Broiled steak.INCORRECTAlthough steak is a good source of protein, it requires energy to chew, and it may be irritating to Jeffs mouth. B) Milk shake.CORRECTA milk shake is a nutrient-dense food. It provides needed calories, calcium, and protein. Jeff can drink the nutritious snack without using the energy it would take to eat a across-the-board meal. Jeff may find the cool liquid is soothing to his sore mouth. C) Tomato soup.INCORRECTAlthough liquid soup is not difficult to eat, (note, the warmth could be soothing), the sullenness of the tomato soup may be irritating to Jeffs mouth.D) Lettuce salad with raw vegetables.INCORRECTAlthough a salad with raw vegetables is a good source of vitamins, itrequires energy to chew, and it may be irritating to Jeffs mouth. A Complication OccursJeff develops severe diarrhea with occasional incontinence that could be caused by an opportunistic gastrointestinal infection or by one of his medications. While stool cultures are pending, other in terventions can be initiated. 21.Which task(s) should be delegated to the UAP? (Select all that apply.) A) Weigh Jeff each morning before breakfast.CORRECTWeights can be obtained by the UAP.B) Measure the urine output.CORRECTMeasurement of the urine output can be delegated to the UAP, then reported to the RN. C) Count and file the number of watery stools.CORRECTThe UAP can legally count and record the number of watery stools. However, it is the nurses responsibility to be aware of the clients condition and promptly report any significant changes to the healthcare provider. D) Evaluate the rate and quality of Jeffs pulse.INCORRECTThe nurse must rate the quality and rate of Jeffs pulse because this requires judgment and expertise beyond the scope of practice of unlicensed personnel. E) Check Jeffs skin turgor to determine if he is dehydrated.INCORRECTThe nurse conducts physical exam procedures, including assessing for alterations in skin turgor, to determine hydration status. This e xpertise is not within the scope of practice for the UAP. When performing Jeffs morning physical assessment, the nurse discovers that he has a weak, rapid pulse. He also has decreased skin turgor and dry, sticky, oral mucous membranes. His weight is 2 pounds less than it was yesterday morning. 22.What is the priority nursing diagnosis?A) Fatigue.INCORRECTFatigue may be present with diarrhea, but it is not the priority nursing diagnosis.B) Disturbed sleep pattern.INCORRECTWhile diarrhea may certainly disrupt sleep, this is not the priority diagnosis.C) Deficit Fluid Volume.CORRECTA weak, rapid pulse decreased skin turgor dry, sticky, oral mucous membranes and weight loss are signs of dehydration.D) Situational low self-esteem.INCORRECTIncontinence of stool may lead to low self-esteem, but this is not the priority diagnosis. 23.Which action should the nurse take first?A) Hold Jeffs breakfast tray to provide bowel rest.INCORRECTWhile clear liquids or another provender that promotes bo wel rest may be prescribed, another action should be performed first.B) Perform oral care and moisten mucous membranes.INCORRECTAnother action should be performed first.C) Take Jeffs blood pressure to assess for postural hypotension.CORRECTPostural hypotension can result from dehydration. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to obtain this indispensable information because it directly impacts Jeffs safety. D) Notify the healthcare provider of Jeffs weak, rapid pulse.INCORRECTAnother action should be performed before notifying the healthcare provider. 24.The health care provider is notified of Jeffs physical exam findings indicating possible dehydration and vital signs, including a blood pressure of 100/50. It is determined that Jeff could use a bolus of IV fluids. The HCP prescribes 1000 cc of normal saline to run over 6 hours. The drop factor tubing set is 15 drops/ml. How many drops/minute will the IV run? (Enter thenumerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the whole number.)42CORRECT1000/360 X 15 = 41.66 = 42 gtts/minuteJeffs stool cultures are negative. After treatment with fluids and diet modification, his diarrhea resolves in 24 hours. Jeffs fluid balance is restored and his oral candidiasis is resolving. rout InstructionsBefore Jeff is discharged home, it is important that he understands how to prevent the spread of HIV. When discussing infection control practices with the nurse, Jeff says, I have heard that condoms dont always prevent HIV.25.How should the nurse respond?A) If used correctly and consistently, latex condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV.CORRECTJeffs misinformation and misunderstanding is a common myth regarding the effectiveness of latex condoms. Studies prove that condoms work. B) I know you would feel terrible if you passed HIV to someone because you did not use a condom.INCORRECTNot only is this statement judgmental, the nurse also presumes to know how Jeff will feel.C) I will have an AI DS educator discuss condom use with you.INCORRECTThe nurse has the knowledge to respond to Jeffs question.D) What is your source of information about condom failure?INCORRECTWhile it may be assistive to know where Jeff got his information, this response does not answer Jeffs question. Jeff assures the nurse that he will use a condom with each sexual encounter. He also expresses concern that he may become dehydrated again. 26.What resource can be provided for Jeff in the event this complication occurs? A) Meals on Wheels.INCORRECTMeals on Wheels is a national nonprofit organization that delivers food tothe elderly, the disabled, and the homebound. Jeff would not be a candidate to receive help from Meals on Wheels. B) HIV/AIDS support group.INCORRECTAlthough an HIV/AIDS support group can be a valuable resource, it cannot prevent Jeff from getting diarrhea or becoming dehydrated. C) Access to the services of a registered dietitian.CORRECTIt is essential that the nurse arrange a consul t for Jeff with a registered dietitian before he is discharged home. The dietitian will give Jeff specific information on suggested foods and liquids to include in his diet to help prevent dehydration if diarrhea occurs at home. The clinical dietitian will provide Jeff with resources, such as a phone number, that will give him access to the dietitian on an outpatient basis. pectus cancerEvolve Case Study Breast Cancer Patient Sandra Williams1) Select whatever day you can best remember to perform BSE consistently every month. 2) When lying down, your arm should be positioned over your head. 3) The combination of yearly CBE and monthly BSE is the best approach for early detection. 4) Teach Barb that even women with no identified risk factors are at risk 5) You may experience some discomfort, but only for a few minutes. 6) Its hard to believe that this is happening, isnt it? 7) Are you reflexion that you do not want to have surgery?8) Anticipatory grieving9) To ensure your safety, I need to notify the operating surgeon of the snack you ate.10) Nonmaleficence11) Notify the surgeon that that explanation of the procedure is necessary 12) Observe the Jackson-Pratt drainage device, Administer a PRN dose of prescribed analgesic, Monitor vital signs and pulse oximetry 13) pull ahead Sandra to continue performing these exercises 14) Advise the UAP to immediately stop and obtain a larger cuff so the BP reading can be taken in the leg 15) Both the GN and UAP are at fault for the incorrect action of the UAP. 16) Ask Sandra to clarify how she learned this information sothat a plan for further teaching can be developed17) Blood clots18) The medication decreases estrogen levels, which is what also causes the symptoms of menopause19) Diarrhea, Alopecia20) Label the two lumens as non-functional, and use one of the remaining lumens 21) Oral temperature of 99.5 F22) Altered tissue perfusion23) Apply a sequential compression device, Elevate the affected arm. 24) Fifteen minute s prior to administration of the conterminous dose of the drug. 25) 6326) Candida superinfection27) A 65-year-old woman, who is a retired teacher and who never married or had children. 28) Younger sister29) Unusual skin texture.30) Hard, irregular, and does not move freely

A Coral Competition at the Port Dickson Beach Essay

Last Summer Holiday was a splendid day to go to the beach, it was a hot sunny day. That afternoon while me and my sister were having ice-cream under a tall tree. Out of the blue, my father pop out in antecedent of me holding a newspaper which gave me a big fright My father say that he has great news Which that he wants to bring us to user interface Dickson, He showed us the news that referring to today Port Dickson is organizing an annual seashell collecting competition. Soon, we pack our stuff and head to Port Dickson as briefly as feasible On the way to Port Dickson, I was watching the view of the sky. The sun was shining brightly in the sky, birds was flying out and about. Wow Such majuscule View After a few hours, we finally reach our destination.On the moment I stepped on the sand, I can feel the wind blew crossways me, I can hear children screaming and playing, I can smell the saltyness of the seawater. Later, father chose a nice spot to put our things while me and my sis ter beganing to potpourri our clothings and headed to the waters. We have so much fun in the water. After an hour, it was time for the contest to begin. Me and my sister started to collect seashells around the beach. After a few hours of hardwork, we soon gather 10 buckets of seashells Dad was so proud of us. When the marks have been pronounce, the judges spoke our names in 1st Place Were so talented We got a Beautiful Hamper and a trophy In was evening, the sky had became orange pink. After we watched the sunset, we then packed our things and headed home. It was the best day I ever so had in my entire life

Maus and Life is Beautiful Essay

The final solution was a persecution and murder of approximately sixmillion Jews by the German Nazi regime. The Nazis came to power in January of 1933. They believed that Germans were racially captain and that the Jews were inferior threats to their community. The Holocaust is a tragic event and has been portrayed in many books and movies as that but there are two particular tales of the Holocaust that illustrate it differently. Maus is graphic novel written by trick Spiegelman and Life Is Beautiful is a comedy drama directed and Roberto Benigni who is also the main character, Guido Orefice. two of them depict the horrors of the Holocaust through the eyes of resilient characters.Maus is a twaddle of the memories of Vladek Spiegelman. He is a Polish Jew who survived the Holocaust and is being interviewed by his son Art Spiegelman who want to write a book about his fathers experience. Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 academy award winning film that took personate in 1930s Italy. Guido Orefice is an Italian Jewish bookshop owner who uses his imagination to protect his son Joshua from the horrific reality of the Holocaust concentration camps.In the story Maus Vladek is a dashing young man, goodlooking, ambitious, intelligent and resourceful. When the Germans invade Poland conditions worsen for the Jews and Vladek is forced to move from his role as a successful businessman to a resourceful skilled laborer in the concentration camps. While others suffer, he is a voice of hope.

Pretty Babies, Child Beauty Pageants Essay

M each of us first learned around the world of child spectator p eonants when a 5 form antiquated beauty queen named JonBenet Ramsey was found murdered the mean solar day subsequently Christmas in 1996. The child was murdered in her Boulder Colorado home and found in the wine cellar with her hands tied, her m appearh duct taped, and her throat garroted. Her death was ruled strangulation still there was also blunt force trauma to her head as well as vaginal injury (Auge, K ben, par. 13-15).Her death brought these boasts into our minds, conversations and living rooms and many people were shocked to see a child of that age do up like an adult woman, almost even said like a prostitute and accused the pageants of sexualizing her and the other children. Images and videos of JonBenet with her whisker curled, teased, and sprayed, wearing heavy bring in and glamorous outfits were splattered across the newsstands and she pranced across our televisions winking, flirting and danc ing.Any link of her death to the pageants is speculative since the murder remains unsolved, provided many people could non help but wonder how safe it was for a child to be do a spectacle of in such a fashion. This past Monday would down been JonBenets twenty-second birthday. Perhaps it is time that we as a society deal a swell look at child beauty pageants and decide what place if any they have in the future for our daughters. JonBenet was the daughter of a wealthy businessman named derriere Ramsey and his wife, a former Miss West Virginia 1977, Patsy.Patsy has since passed away but John Ramsey has written a book titled The Other Side of Suffering and in an interview with Nightline, John has expressed his regret that JonBenet participated in the pageants. He states in the interview Only because- that possibly (the pageants) might have drawn attention to us. I dont know. But- I think for- for advice to pargonnts is just avow that- regardless of where you live, there could b e evil around you. And dont be naive about it. And keep your kids protected (Chang, par. 0).He wonders now about some of the public appearances JonBenet made and if the murderer was maybe in the audience. He says Patsy had her sitting atop a frigoals convertible in the Christmas parade waving at people lining the streets. Patsys mother later told me that a distant man approached the car during the parade and it made her uncomfortable. I think about these things now and it makes me cringe. We were so naive. I now believe with all my heart that it is non a good idea to arrange your child on public display. (Chang, par. 7).His words give weight to the issue at hand and initially, it seems, many people felt the same way as child pageants overlyk a financial hit as less people wanted to be associated with the publicly tainted indus endeavor (Friedman, par. 5). Fifteen twelvemonths after the tragic death of JonBenet the pageants have enjoyed a resurgence in popularity (Friedman, par. 6) thanks in large part to the hit face on The Learning Channel, Toddlers & Tiaras. The show is immensely popular and is now in its fourth season (IMDB, 2012).Understanding, of course that this is a television show and not a documentary, that it has been edited for drama and to fashion what is comm lone(prenominal) called good television, the show nonetheless gives a viewer a look inside this somewhat alien world. In his interview John Ramsey stated that he had never watched the show but had caught snippets that he finds disturbing. It is very bizarre he states And, it certainly- Patsy and JonBenet didnt approach it that way.We-they just did it for fun. (Chang, par. 5). Will the parents or the pageant officials riposte heed? Or forget the allure of glamour and profit make them justify their actions? Watching the television show you are this instant struck by one fact this is a southern thing. To the people who do this, none of it is strange. In fact many of the parents were ov erjoyed to learn they were great(predicate) with young ladys and began to buy gowns before their babies were even born.One mother who has a boy and a young woman stated that she had been very upset when she found out that she was gravid with the boy until she found out that boys could participate in pageants as well. She even stated, on television, that she had only had children so she could erect them in pageants. This would seem very strange to many people, but if you watch the show you will hear statements like this over and over, a good deal in front of the children and always on tv camera (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012).What is seeming(a) is that this is truly a culture. They call themselves Pageant People (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) and this encompasses not only the contestants and their families but also the judges, pageant directors and announcers and the many, many service people used by the contestants from dress designers to conciliate artists and hairstylists t o spray tanners and waxers and many of the girls even get facials before a pageants even though their skin cannot possibly look much younger.The popularity of this television show is evident, anyone using a search engine that types in the name of the show will be directed to literally thousands of articles, opinion pieces and fan base websites as well as many spoofs of the show starring immense names like Ashley Tisdale and Tom Hanks and has enjoyed the pinnacle of success in the eyes of many, ridicule on Saturday Night Live. But what about the tiny stars of the show? How safe are they? Is all of this good for them? Watching the show you will see a few kids and mas that seem almost normal, of course these people never get to be the stars.The stars are the children who are bratty, who throw temper tantrums, hit their parents, try to minute other kids and just generally misbehave. The mothers who get the most airtime are of course the ones who say the meanest and most bizarre thi ngs. Who treat their children like performing monkeys and seemingly will do anything to get their small progeny to perform on stage. It is remarkable to watch a child transform in just moments from a sparkly banshee into a sweetly smiling and composed young lady, or gentleman on stage.The majority of the children featured on Toddlers & Tiaras are little girls but there are a few boys featured as well. It seems unfortunate that the more poorly behaved the people on the show are the more they are rewarded with fame. One strange family has even got their own spin-off show called, Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo (IMDB, 2012). The children often throw fits because they are world forced to do something they do not want to do. Over and over, in almost every event the children state that they hate doing the beauty portion of the competition.For those unfamiliar with how things work it most-valuable to know that the beauty portion is the most important piece of the pageant where girls are judge d on their poise, their attire, hair and make-up, and most of all their facial beauty. They are not really expected to perform at this stage of the pageant but only to walk slowly from mark to mark on the stage stopping briefly at each mark to spin and smile sweetly at the judges and the audience and slowly turn from side to side so that all spectators can take in their appearance.One little girl who was seven was criticized by a female judge for having too much spirit for beauty although of the same girl a male judge stated that he could not take my eyes off her( Toddlers & Tiaras, season 4, 2012). The girl went on to win the biggest crown in the pageant and a contract with an agent. The judges of the pageants can often seem harsh and mark the children down for seemingly refreshing things for the contestants to do, given that most of the girls featured on the show are only between the ages of four and nine.A six year old was marked down because her ankle rolled. She was wearing spicy heels. A four year old was marked down because her fake teeth or flipper fell out during the beauty portion. Another girl was marked down for being too fake(? ). And in one episode the little girls were competing for ten thousand dollars and some former contestants came out of retirement to compete. They were as old as twenty-one and some were doing very sexy dances the male judge was obviously captivated and would not stop talking about the older contestants.A 20 year old won. Against little girls. (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) You will see some moments on the show where the parents are caring and the children seem to be keeping the whole thing in perspective. One of the fathers, who has 3 children in the pageants does not allow his kids to be tanned or wear fake teeth and lashes and says some of it is too far. He also keeps the bills for the pageants a little lower by renting the dresses and says he prefer the natural pageants.Another one of the parents, this one a mothe r, laughed when her nine year old daughters hair fell down during the pageant, she told her she did so good and reassured her when she began to cry that it was okay. Then said she was just glad she got a crown (in many of the pageants every contestant gets some type of crown) and that she did not lead to win the ultimate title and the little girl stated after she calmed down win graciously, lose humbly.Another little girl who won a high title stated that the title she had gotten was really good because Theres a lot of girls here and they tried hard too. One mother who had seemed very extreme during the beginning of the pageant seemed to have an epiphany at some point during the pageant and said that this would be her seven year old daughters last pageant and that her daughter was beautiful on her own. (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). In one touching episode, a mother had only boys and it seemed that her six year old son and her had a very special relationship based on the pageants.T he father, in spite of being supportive, was done with his son being in the pageants and wanted this to be his last one. The boy seemed happy to do the pageants and seemed to have a very special relationship with his mother. At the end of the show they were crying and hugging each other and it was actually hard not to be sad for them (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) Most of the other parents are not like those ones and the majority of the scenes shown depict these women as bitter and jealous. The way they speak of the other children is disgraceful.They say mean things in front of their own kids about the other children, in particular if the other children win and their daughter did not, like that the girl who won did not deserve it and often say that the pageant was unfair or rigged. One mom on the sidelines said about a girl on the stage If she wins, she better go get some cellulite treatment done(Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). The little girls by all odds pick up this cattiness fr om their mothers. many a(prenominal) times over these children say that they are better or prettier than the other girls.One six year old girl knew from her mother that one of the other girls was her biggest competition at the pageant. The other girl was well known for her continuing pacifier dependency and first girl said that she had a secret weapon for her opponent so she could beat her and held up a gag pacifier that had funny looking teeth on the front of it and then snickered. In one sad scene there were sister aged ten and eight who were competing in the same pageant, the eight year old stated that she was going to beat her sister and if her sister started crying she would beat her to he ground. When the older sister started to cry and said that it was because she was being mean the younger one told her to Stop crying, youre embarrassing me (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012).If you think the tiger moms would be less cruel to their own offspring you would learn that often that i s not the case. Over and over when the children cry because they are hungry, tired, something being done to them hurts or they lost they are told not to cry because they are on camera or that the pageant is not over and their make-up will be ruined.One mom talking about her daughter said that she, the mom, had been better at cheerleading and that her daughter just cant get it like her. Her daughter was nine. One child was forced to stop doing gymnastics because it was making her muscles too big for her costumes and her mother told her that was sucky when she came off stage. Over and over the children are cruelly disregarded or ignored when they state that they are in pain, feeling sick, hungry or tired. In a heart stopping scene a nine year old girl went missing in full hair and make-up and was no longer in the hotel.In every scene shown by the television show the mom was worried about her being late for her age line up and not concerned for her safety. Luckily, she was found in tim e, and her standing in the pageant was unaffected. That the girls often cry when they lose is no surprise when you take in that the mothers often cry or state they are going to throw up and berate their daughters for blowing on stage by forgetting to smile at the judges or forgetting part of their routine. The moms let their daughters know that they lost too if their crown is not big enough and does not come with a high title attached to it.The moms will tell their daughters who are smiling and holding a crown that they lost and the crown they have is for losers. One mom opus sitting in the audience was pissed and going to cry and listed what the other little girls got and that her daughter didnt get anything. No wonder the little girl had a tantrum and screamed that she wanted a crown (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) Many of these mothers are, like Patsy Ramsey, former beauty queens themselves and will stop and nothing to retard their daughters success in the pageant world.Sometime s it becomes so extreme that it makes the news. In 2011 ABC News did a story on a mom who gave her 8 year old daughter Botox injections because she had wrinkles (Hagan, Kunin and Ghebremedhin, par. 5). The mother was not a doctor but an esthetician, which is basically a beautician for the skin. She claims her daughter wanted to try it herself because her wrinkles bothered her. This is hopefully a rare case but more commonly these young children have their eyebrows waxed, they receive spray tans, even if they are African American or bi-racial.They have acrylic nails put on, they are fitted for fake teeth to go over their own teeth called flippers, they have hair extensions put in because often their baby fine hair either is not thick enough for the large hair-dos or not strong enough to take the heat and styling. Some of the girls have their hair bleached before a pageant. Sometimes these things hurt or are uncomfortable and the children complain. There seems to be a particular hatre d amongst the little girls for the false eyelashes.Many of the girls scream and cry and beg to not have to wear them to no avail. These are typically function reserved for very high maintenance women and many adult women would not have the patience for them. The FDA has not done studies on the safety of these chemicals for use on children either. How does it feel to sit in make-up and hair for two hours for a child of say four? On pageant day the real semblance begins. The girls are up early in the morning in their hotel rooms. They are fed breakfast and then the beauty regime begins.The pageants last all day and usually include several outfit changes and the performance of practiced routines. The girls, some very young, are not allowed to eat or nap so their hair and make-up do not become ruined. To make up for this, the moms have found some magic. On pageant day the girls have sugar cubes and hobgoblin Stix poured into their mouths all day long and are fed through a straw high caffeine and sugar drinks like Mountain Dew and some exit Bull energy drinks. There is some serious concern over the safety of these drinks (Ostrow, 2011).One mother asked her daughter before the pageant if she wanted to surrender doing them. The girl nodded yes and the mom said Lets look at your crowns Doesnt that make you feel better? (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012). One of the reasons many of the parents say they do it is often for the prizes, money, bonds and scholarships. Indeed, some of the pageants featured on the television show do boast some large prizes. But most of the parents admit that they have worn out(p) many times over what their child has received.Several of the moms admit to lying to their husbands about how much they spend and one single mom has moved in with her parents so they could continue to pay for pageants and it is common for the mothers to take a pageant job (Toddlers & Tiaras, 2009-2012) to cover some of the expenses. Some of the parents spend lavis hly on the pageants. Many of the pageants have a top prize of only several hundred dollars yet the girls will show up in 2500$ dresses. In one episode two sisters have their very own trailer for pageant accessories that have their pictures emblazoned on the sides.One very enterprising mother has published a pageant book about her daughter, recorded a song and had a doll made in her daughters image. In an episode where they went to the Tonight Show she was saying how she was be after to get her daughter and agent and a two million dollar contract so she could quit her job and move to Hollywood. It seems as if the parents either have delusions about some pay off that will eventually come if they keep plugging away or they really have just found a very expensive habit that they justify for other reasons.

Long Island Authors and Writers Essay

Hempstead, NY, USA (September 8, 2014) Three members of LIAWS ( persistent Island Authors and WritersSociety) ordain take to the stage at Hoftsra Universitys Guthart Cultural Center Theater and deliver their story about what led them to write their respective books.It takes place on Wednesday September 17, 2014, 700 PM and is part of the organizations ongoing workshops on the craft of writing that take place doneout Long Island. There will be a question and answer session following the presentation. Authors bloody shame Beth Czubay, Yvonne Capitelli , and Tom Gahan are the presenters for LongIsland Authors and Writers Societys inaugural Story backside the Story presentation.Mary Beth Czubay shares the story of what inspired her to write her book, Easy Out On Third-Raising A Child With Special Needs. She will take the audience on an uplifting and inspirational journey of what it is like to try to live an ordinary life while facing extraordinary circumstances on a daily basis and o vercoming obstacles. Yvonne Capitelli fancy writing childrens books while growing up on Long Island, NY.She achieved her dream, wrote Daria Rose and the DayShe Chose, and became a ten-time award winning childrens author. She was inspired by her daughter to start writing positive character building books that motivate children to make good choices, be determined, and take control of their own happiness. Capitelli is also a childrens motivational speaker.Notable eastern Long Island resident Tom Gahan is the author of Harmony Bay, a well-received novel that became required reading at some(prenominal) high-schools. His premiere novel earned him a place on an international list of authors Writers You Should Get to Know. He has worked as a journalist and freelance writer. Gahan will talk about the many influences and characters from around Long Island that inspired him to write Harmony Bay. Hofstra Universitys Department of English (hofstra. edu/English) offers undergraduate concentrat ions in English and American literature, creative writing, and publishing. It also offers an MFAin Creative Writing and an MA in English Literature, as well as a Summer Writers Program that just holy its 40th year, says Ginny Greenberg, Public Relations Director at Hofstra.Hofstras Great Writers, Great Readings series (hofstra. edu/gwgr), started in 2004, brings award-winning writers across the genres to campus to engage students in cosy writing workshops and readings. Hofstra students and the general public are welcome to come and hear The Story Behind the Story. It is an interesting and entertaining evening that offers the stories of three local authors and what prompt them to write their books. Admission is free. It all takes place on Wednesday, September 17, 2014 at 700 PM at Hoftsra Universitys Guthart Cultural.Center Theater, Axinn Library, 1st floor on the south side of the campus. Driving directions can be found at http//www. hofstra. edu/theaterdirections. For more abou t Long Island and Writers Society, please visit http//www. LIAWS. org. LIAWS is a 501-c-3 not-for-profit organization. What The Story Behind the Story When Wednesday, September 17, 2014, 7 PM Where Hoftsra Universitys Guthart Cultural Center Theater, Axinn Library Who Long Island Authors Mary Beth Czubay, Yvonne Capitelli, Tom GahanWhy Learn the stories of three Long Island authors and what motivated them to write their books Admission Free About LIAWS The Long Island Authors and Writers Society is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to support and promote the craft of writing through supporting one other, mentoring its members, educational programs, in-school programs, book events and events related to writing, and community outreach to residents of Long Island interested in writing. LIAWS nurtures writers and authors at all levels of development in a mutually beneficialenvironment. LIAWS provides a trusting atmosphere where authors and writers can come together to meet their individual needs and share information for the good of the whole, supplies strong motivational programs of interest to all writers, offers the opportunity for members to network on different levels according to their needs, provides an environment that promotes authors, and encourages writers to strive to publish their work. All members pledge to support one another and to be involved in supporting the activities of the organization.

P1- Health and Social Care Life Stages

The livelihood Stages 0-3 long while is Tommy 4-9 days is Amy 10-18 days is Abbey 19-65 age is Denise/Jack 65+ years is Pat The kind-hearted sprightliness span is set in age exhibits these be called Life Stages. The branchs argon listed from 0-3 years to 65+ years. Growth is a term mappingd within describing the life wooden legs be provoke step forward its a term to describe an increase in quantity. For example, as children grow the height and weight increases. We to a fault apply the term in contour lineation this describes the teaching of somewhatones abilities, as they grow r beer. We faeces excessively use this term to describe the begetment of quantity change, such as height and weight.Also describing the lift peaks, we use the term called maturation. This is contrasting to maturation and appendage. Puberty is an example of maturation because when development is expected to be overdue to a genetically automated sequence of change. Development norms, is an a nonher(prenominal) term we use to describe a set of average expectations to an infants or childs development. Holistic development is similar provided kinda its describing someones strong-arm, emotional, intellectual and soci equal to(p) development in one. Conception & pregnancy A human babys life gets at conception.A woman ordinarily develops 1 en per calendar month, roughly this happens 2 weeks after her last period. A women is most kindredly to get gravid within a mean solar day or so of ovulation. An egg lives for more or less 12-24 hours after its released. For a woman to puzzle outually get pregnant the egg fills to be fertilized by a sperm cell within this magazine. maternalism is split into3 trimesters. Each trimester is a lesser abundanter than 13 weeks. The forthset month marks the radical of the first base trimester. 1, 2 and 3 weeks The egg is fertilized in one of the fallopian tubes and is carried into the womb.Fertilization of the egg happ ens in the fallopian tube. As the egg passes through the fallopian tube is sets itself in the wall of the uterus. The embryo lives a shape of a pear with a head shaped bicycleed, denominateed lower spine and notochord running along its back. 4- 5 weeks The embryo becomes C-shaped and a stern is visible. The umbilical cord cord rules and the forebrain enlarge at this microscope symbolise of pregnancy the internal organs a begun to form. During this wooden leg of development, the embryo is vulnerable to harmful substances consumed by the mother, which whitethorn cause defects. 6-8 weeksThe eyes, mouth, nose and ears agree begun to form and the limbs grow rapidly from tiny buds. The head and baptismal font has formed more human, the head is more up full, and the substructure has gone. Legs and arms incur essential. Fingers and toes sacrifice formed. 9-10 weeks * The embryo develops into a foetus after 10 weeks. * Fingers and toes be longer. The umbilical cord connec ts the abdominal cavity of the fetus to the placenta. The placenta is attached to the wall of the uterus. It absorbs nutrients from the womans bloodstream. The cord carries nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and takes wastes away from the fetus. 1-12 weeks The fetus is now measured from the top of its head to its buttocks. This is called crown-rump length. The fetus has a CRL of 23 inches. Its Fingers and toes argon no longer webbed whilst the Bones lead offle hardening. Skin and fingernails draw to grow. Changes triggered by hormones begin to make external sex organs appear female or male. The fetus begins making spontaneous movements. Kidneys lead making urine, aboriginal sweat glands appear and Eyelids are fused together. 13-14 weeks (second trimester) The baby has a CRL of astir(predicate) 3 inches long which is just about 8 cm long at this stage.The sex of the fetus potty some metres be seen on the ultra sound of the mothers scan. Hair begins to grow on the babys hea d and the roof of the babys mouth is formed, whilst the prostate glands are evolution on the male. Ovaries move down from the abdomen to the pelvic field of view in the female. 15-16 weeks Some of the early signs and symptoms of pregnancy begin to be relieved during the quaternary month for example Nausea is normally reduced. But other digestive problems heartburn and constipation whitethorn be still occurring. Breast changes appendage, soreness, and darkening of the areola usually continue.Its common for women to hurl precipitance of breath or to breathe faster. Increased blood flow may lead to unpleasant pregnancy symptoms, such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or nasal stuffiness. Pregnant women excessively may shade whacky or faint because of the changes to their blood and blood vessels. 17-20 weeks The fetus has CRL of about 6. 5 inches long which is 16cm long. The fine down equal bull begins to cover the body, which is called Lanugo. The genuflect is in any c ase covered with Vernix Caseosa, which is a greasy material that covers the body. The uterus now has developed into either a male or female.Women usually feel faint movements for the first time during the fifth month. It may feel like flutters or butterflies in the stomach. The pregnancy symptoms of the fourth month continue into the 5th month- Heartburn, constipation, breast changes, dizziness, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and gum bleeding are common. Breasts may be as much as2 cup sizes bigger by this time. 21-24 months The baby now has a CRL of about 7 inches, which is about 18-19 cm long. The bone marrow now incites to develop blood cells and taste buds resume to form. Pregnancy symptoms from the fourth and fifth month usually continue.Shortness of breath may improve. Breasts may move producing colostrum tiny drops of early milk. This may continue throughout pregnancy. Some women experience Braxton-Hicks contractions. They feel like a painless squeezing of the uterus o r abdomen. This is the uteruss way of practicing for labor and delivery. Braxton-Hicks contractions are conventionalism and not a sign of preterm labor. But women should check with their health care providers if they have painful or frequent contractions or if they have any concerns. Weeks 2526 The baby has now got a CRL of about 9 inches long which is roughly 23 inches long.Also the baby develops more and more fat from now until intercept of pregnancy. * Week 2728 The baby now has a CRL of about 10 inches which is 25 cm long. Eyelids are usually fused together until 28 weeks. A womans uterus continues expanding. backside pain is common. Pregnancy symptoms from earlier months continue. Dizziness may lessen. * 29-30 weeks (third trimester) * * The fetus has a CRL of about 10. 5 inches (27 cm). Testes usually begin descending into the scrotum from the abdomen between weeks 30 and 34 in a male fetus. This is usually complete by 40 weeks. Week 3132 The fetus has a CRL of about 11 inc hes (28 cm). Lanugo starts falling off. ?Women of ex start feeling tired and have a more difficult time breathing as the uterus expands up. They may get varicose veins blue or red conceited veins most often in the legs or hemorrhoids varicose veins of the rectum. Hemorrhoids can be painful and itchy and cause bleeding. Women may as well as get stretch marks where skin has been expanded. Braxton-Hicks contractions, heartburn, and constipation may continue. Women may make a bit when sneezing or laughing because of pressure from the uterus on the bladder.Hormones may make hair appear fuller and healthier. Weeks 33-36 * The fetus has a CRL of about 12 inches (30 cm). The eyes have developed enough for pupils to constrict and di later(a) when exposed to light. * Lanugo is nearly all gone. The fetus is considerably fatter, and the * Skin is no longer wrinkled. 37-40 weeks * The fetus has a CRL of about 1314 inches (3436 cm). * The fetus has a impregnable grasp. Many women have got birth virtually this * Time. The average new born weighs well-nigh 7-8lbs which is * approximately 18-22 inches long with legs extended.By the end of pregnancy, the uterus has expanded from a womans pelvis to the bottom of her rib cage. Pregnancy symptoms in the tenth month largely depend on when the fetus drops down into lower objet dart of the uterus in the pelvis. Shortness of breath, heartburn, and constipation usually improve when the fetus drops. But the position of the fetus lower in the pelvis causes frequent urination and trouble holding urine. The cervix pull up stakes begin to open dilate to prepare for delivery. This may happen a few weeks before delivery, or it great power start when a woman goes into labor.A woman may feel sharp pains in her vagina as the cervix dilates. After the newborn is delivered, the placenta and other tissues in any case come out of the womans body. This is called the afterbirth. For the first couple of days after giving birth, Tommys m other can feel the top of your uterus at or a few finger widths below the take aim of your breadbasket button. In a week, her uterus weighs a little over a pound half of what it weighed just after she gave birth. After twain weeks, its down to a mere 11 ounces and located entirely within her pelvis.By about four weeks, it should be close to its pre-pregnancy weight of 3. 5 ounces or less. This process is called involution of the uterus. Even after her uterus shrinks back into her pelvis, you may continue to look somewhat pregnant for several weeks or longer. Thats because her abdominal muscles get stretched out during pregnancy, and it leave behind take time and regular exercise to get your breadbasket back in shape. 0-3 years physical development motor control develops from the head and moves down through the arms and the bottom and because to the legs and feet.Initial movements are reflexive in nature, such as turning the head to the side when the cheek is stroked this indeed leads to feeding. Motor skills are related to the growing ability to observe and interact with the environment. According to the healthy children American website, a baby turns its head from side to side when manufacture on their back or belly and brings both men together at the chest or mouth at 1 month of age. 3-6 months physical development At 3 months of age, an infant progresses at lifting the head and chest up when lying on its belly and may press up with its arms.At 3 months old, Tommy should beable to kick his legs when lying on his belly or back. Also at this age, Tommy should beable to calculate with soft toys that are required for his age. Tommy leave alone have a sharp grasp with his hands so he can hold objects such as toys firmly (if small). According to the healthy children American website, between 3 and 4 months Tommy begins rolling from his belly to his back and thusly back to belly rough 6 months old. 6-12 months old physical development The average age at which an infact sits without support is 6 months old, so by the time tommy is this age he should be able to do this.Standing with support, Tommy should beable to do this roughly at 7. 6 months (according to healthy children American website). Infants in the development, crawl on hands and knees at 8. 5 months, walking with attention occurs usually at 9. 2 months. The average age for a baby to walk alone is 11 months. 12-24 months old physical development. The world health organization study notes that a unripened toddler like Tommy can take two-three steps alone almost 12 months. Also they start to walk without support across a room with stopping or ever-changing direction between 13-15 months. round 18 months of age Tommy get out be kicking and throwing balls, running, come up stairs with assistance and playing with scooters with confidence. 24-36 months old physical development mingled with the ages of 2 and 3, balance improves and tommy walks with a smoother pattern . During this time tommy may be able to balance on 1 foot, walk backwards and walk on tiptoes. Usually nigh 24 months, tommy starts to jump over obstacles roughly 36 months. At 24 months tommy can climb a small ladder and go down a small slide. Around 35 months, Tommy can confidently go around a playground, trying out all the playground climbing frames.Also ride a bike suitable for his age or scooter. 0-3 months intellectual development Around this stage of life, in that locations not much intellectual about Tommy, Its usually about the relationship between him and his parents. When tommy first subject his eyes, he would just stare a pile at whats around him. He fixates on objects around him that usually move, around 12 inches from his face. At this stage Tommy will begin to know who his parents are and come upon their faces from strangers faces. He will also beable to exhibit nose out of size, colour and shape recognition. 4-8 months intellectual developmentAt this stage of Tommys life intellectual development, his starts to handle and explore objects, such as feel, taste and quality objects. Such as cuddly toys. They also start to explore their surroundings like their home and who lives with him. At this stage his starts to point and use it as a sign of communication if he wants something. Tommy may describe signs of fear, for example falling. He may start to imitate actions such as pat-a-cake. He also may want to play grainys repetitively and only likes one toy or book to look at once. 8-12 months intellectual development At this stage, Tommy may start gesturing by giving a wave to say goodbye or lowing kisses. He may also start to copy relatives and mimic movements, for example dancing and clapping. Also at this stage tommy can start to recognize facial features, such as eyes, nose, ears and mouth. He qualification also beable to grade objects such as books, balls and animals. Tommy may also like to do things intentionally for reaction, such as dropping toys. Tommy at this stage may show a reminiscence of short term which is utterly normal. 12-24 months intellectual development At this stage of development tommy may start to have his own vision especially during play time, so he may start to move things around the floor.He also may start to potty train and understand when he needs to go toilet. Tommy may start to show an understanding of shapes and colours and start to colour and realise himself with crayons and paints. With remembrance skills, these will show an increase as he gets onetime(a) and as the brain develops properly. 24-36 months intellectual development At this stage of tommys intellectual development he can speak fully and show an understanding of what others are saying to him and what he might ask him to do. He may start to development in comparing objects to others such as little, bigger, or really big.He may also start to play up to ten or perhaps more. Tommy may start to match pictures and object s and start to play- act thoughts, for example tommy may start to stake to be a dinosaur. He may also start to remove how to share and use terms such as please and thank you. 0-3 months emotional and complaisant development At this stage of tommys social and emiontal development, he may start off by cosmos attached to parents or carers. At the first few weeks of Tommys life he may tend to be used to the large number around him, so the cloest, he will be attached quicker. He may also enjoy being held or cuddled.He may also express discomfort, enjoyment or unhappiness. He may also suckle himself by playing with fingers, watching the t. v such as programs that consist of movement and bright colours. 4-8 months social and emotional development At this stage of Tommys life he may have shown full fixing to either his mother/father or carer, he may also develop a sense of security and trust with parents or carer, he may also show preference and reaction of separation from his mothe r/father or carer. This way he may show different responds to facial expressions and sounds.He may love to be picked up, held and cuddled by parents or relatives. He may start to hear himself at this stage and start to make loud noises, laugh and smile. To communicate he ay cry and he may undertake attention. 8-12 months social and emotional development When Tommy is a really young baby he shows full accessory to his parents which is immediate, that way he may also always want to be near them or in their sight, showing this he may begin to show fear to strangers. He may also start to be emotionally attached to something socialable like a t. program, blanket or a toy. He also may start to enjoy sledding out and being socialable for example, going shopping or going to the park. 12-24 months social and emotional development At this stage of social and emotion development Tommy may start to develop a sense of humor and start to love being in the center of attention. He may also start to show selfishness and begin not to share his toys with other friends. With Tommy he lives with his parents so he may start to copy their daily activities such as driving, reading, cooking, hugging and blowing kisses.At this stage Tommy will start to try new things every day, show jealousy towards his parents and get frustrated really easy. 24-36 months social and emotional development As a child gets older, their emotional and social development gets a lot more interesting. Tommy my start to get confident and except new multitude and start to talk to them but also if they still have that full attachment to their parents, they may start to show shyness to around new people. If he gets upset, he may start to pull hair, kick, slap or bite other children. Also he may start to show some patients on the other hand.Around places, objects, certain people he may start to show dislike. He may be more sensitive around people and if they cry he may turn it into a tantrum. 4-9 years growth d evelopment Between the ages of 4 and 9 children may begin to look thinner, this is because they grow increasingly but their fact accumulation is staying relatively the same. By the time Amy is 6 years old, North Dakota state university that they begin to proportion a lot better and her centre of gravity will be centrally located. She is likely to experience a growth spurt between the ages of 6-8 and may notice hair begins to grow darker.Nutrition intake and genetics are big factors when it comes to her growth at this stage. 4-5 years growth development At 4 years of age, Amy will fully develop hand-eye co-ordination, that will allow her to play with objects that have smaller perplexed parts to them. Amy will show that shes energetic most of the time and prefer running and jumping, by the age of 5, she will beable to find a ball, throw a ball over her head, hop on one foot, walk up and down the stairs alone and hold cutlery properly with 3 fingers rather than her whole fist. -7 yea rs growth development Shortly after 5 years, Amy will beable to skip and have the ability to rally a ball and skate. By the age of 7 she should be able to ride a bike, draw shapes and patterns. Also Amy maybe beable to use a comb in her hair, brush her own teeth and also tie her own hair up in a pony tail. Also at this stage she will beable to do simple household tasks such as making her bed, tidying up after herself. At work she may show a development in playing musical instruments. 7-9 years growth developmentBetween the ages of 7 and 9, Amy will beable to identify herself during school or things they take part in. Amy will be able to recognize herself, such as at school, either being an athlete or artist. This is influenced from teachers at school, parents or siblings. By this time, amy is suitable to kick, throw and roll, which makes them able to take part in organized sports at school such as football, hockey and rounders. Intellectual development 4 9 years Around 4 years o f ages Amys development of intelligence is still very simple but getting more and more intelligent by the days.Amy should be asking a lot of questions around 5-6 years old such as why is the sky blue? , why do birds have feathers? . Amy will begin to ask more and more questions every day but this is the development of a milestone. Around this stage of 5 years, amy will start to recognize familiar colours and understand the idea of same and different, pretend and fantasize more creatively, she will be able to remember parts of stories, understand times of the day, count and understand the concept, sort objects by shape and colour, complete puzzles, recognize different shapes and colours.Five years and above, Amy will start to development more sophisticated thinking and learning abilities. Children around 7-9 year often think in very concrete ways, needing hands-on examples to improve their understanding. They often can not change the rules of a game to make it more fun, for example b ecause they perceive rules to be firm and rigid. As childrens minds mature like Amy, she will development more flexible in their thinking. Children in this age group are capable of more arise thought aswel. Emotional and social development 4-9 yearsFour year olds are moving out into the world and can usually play happily with other children and enjoy lots of physical games aswel as tell stories. As Amy gets to between 5 and 6 years old, she may then start to learn about the feelings and needs of others and can share their toys plus take turns, at least some of the times. In some stages of Amys life can get jealous of her parents relationship. This is where the often development of the game mummies and daddies comes from, this is a well-known game for children to grow up on.Playing games such as mummies and daddies allows her to try out various pornographic roles in life. Around 6-7 years, children begin to actually learn new things and experience learning new things at school so they develop a sense of eagerness in themselves. They generally prefer integrated activities to more open-ended experiences. Amy may wonder about the world and ask a lot of what if? questions. give play means a lot to Amy at this stage in her child hood because they develop a strong imagination and involve others like friends at school.Around 8 and 9 years, children such as Amy start to involve more people in their lives, for example at school, amy may start to have best friends and play with other children with the same gender. As amy grows older she grows out of being self-centered as should be at around 5 years old because she has matured. Also around this stage amy will begin to understand other peoples views and can imagine themselves in situations of other friends experiences. Physical development 10 -18 years (adolescence) 10-11 years physical developmentPhysical development around this time its the start of many different experiences for young children and puerilers. For girls between the ages of 11 and 13, it may sometimes begin earlier for some children puberty begins. Girls usually start around 2 years before boys. Boys usually start between the ages of 13 and 15 years. Puberty is an important stage for abbey because it prepares the body for knowledgeable reproduction. It is all started by the hormones and controlled but the sexual development. Around the teen years, girls and boys will experience a definite growth spurt. 12-14 years physical development round this physical development of life for teenagers, its all about the development of puberty, for girls around abbeys age, around the breast area they begin to be quite painful because they are base to develop. Usually around 13 years of age, Abbey may have started her menstrual cycle and public hair has developed. For boys on the other hand, testicular growth begins, the translator changes, pubic hair develops and they may start to experience wet dreams. 15-17 years physical development ar ound this age, Abbey would of completed the physical changes related to puberty by the age of 15.Boys are still developing around this age, maturing and gaining strength. Muscle mass develops and they are completing the development of sexual traits. Around 15-17 years, oily skin may appear which turns into acne. Hair has grown under the armpits. Breasts have developed but still maybe growing. Abbey may have developed a curvy outline to her hips which is caused from fat deposition. Internally wise, primary sexual organs grow such as uterus and vagina, ovulation and menstruation has fully developed, and lastly public hair has grown. 18 years physical developmentAround 18 years, many of the major changes for growth in puberty have completed by this age, in boys and girls. They are still growing but major changes have developed. For boys around 18 years, facial hair has grown on the face, hair is also under the armpits, testes have produced sperm. The voice box, which is called the lary nx, has broken and the voice has developed deeper. The prostate gland produces secretions, and the penis has enlarged. Intellectual development 10-18 years. Between the ages of 10 and 13 years, preteens start to experience centeringful imes at school or high school because they are having their first exams. Preteens around this stage develop abstract thoughts usually by the age of 13. Between the ages of 11-14 years, they are still concrete thinkers- they perceive things as good and bag and whats wrong and rights. They are just beginning to imagine possibilities, recognize consequences of their actions and anticipate what others are thinking. Anxiety enters their lifes and may cause major distractions interfering with abstract thinking.Teenagers may show an interest in ideas, ideals, values and social issues. Around 15 and 16, at this stage they show a well better established abstract thinking at school and in any other situations that may occur. Around this age Abbey may start to make applications to her own current and future situations and social situations. As abbey progresses in life, abilities to abstract thinking develop better and problem-solving skills increased by demands at school and college. Preteens and teens tend to think things wont happen to them, this explains why they are risk-takers.Also they believe they are the center of attention, for example, abbey may have a pimple on her forehead, this is making her life hell right now. This explains why teenagers are terribly self-conscious. Social and emotional development 10-18 years Around this stage of Abbeys teenage life, she begins to spend more time with her friends and less time in home and with her family. Abbey will start to form her own identity around 12-13 years and try different clothes, hair styles, friends, music and hobbies. This will then progress and carry on throughout her teenage life.Preteens like abbey around 13-14, push limits that adults put on them to assert their independ ence, preteens and teenagers like Abbey around 14 and 15 may start to develop more morose moods and start to express mixed feelings about breaking away from parents. Troubled youth may act out (for example, get into physical fights, use alcohol or other drugs, skip school) to express emotional pain. Physical development 19-65 years Adults in this age have to be very careful because in that location are many different age related changes to become as Denise grows up. Some individuals, not so much Denise have to wear glasses for reading and writing.Some adults like denise may start to lose there listening in later adult hood. Adults tend to have some changes in hair colour, it may start to turn grey. Men sometimes start to lose there hair around 35 to 45 years old, around 45, women start their menopause. Young adults start to see and maybe feel their physical changes between the ages of 18-28. Adults are still fit and healthy at young adult hood stage but not as fit as they used to be. Around the ages of 30, adults may start to feel that their fitness, speed and strength has decreased. Some adults still go to the gym in their middle due date stages to reenforcement feeling healthy and fit.Early maturity Early adult hood is the first stage of adulthood in which the body physically changes. In this stage, denise may have continued to add abit of height and weight to her late teenage frame come into her adult hood. The body continues to undergo significant hormonal changes. In menm their hear may grow a little thick, the voice may become slightly more deepeer and richer. Early adulthood is the period when women have children, so this is the time denise would of gained abit of weight and breast development would of completed. Middle adulthoodMiddle adulthood is the second stage of adulthood in which one of the most noticeable changes is loss of elasticity in the skin, especially in the face. This results to wrinkles and lines in the skin, this then shows deni se aging. Men usually gain weight around the stomach and women gain weight around the hips and legs. Strength and flexibility both decrease in both genders. Women usually experience hormonal changes during this period that result in rhe loss of ability to reproduce, this then is called the menopause. two genders experience graying of the hair or the hair may start to thin out.Later adulthood Late adulthood is the final stage of physical change, the skin continues to lose elasticity as it started in middle adulthood and the result is deeper lines and wrinkles, age spots or brown spots often form. Eye sight deteriorates, which causes them to need stronger glasses. Reaction time slows down and appetitive may also slow down. Intellectual development 19-65 years Intellectual development may increase in this age group. Some older adults like Denise may have a slower reaction to things but increase in knowledge may give back for this in many work situations.Older adults are more skilled t hen younger adults and teengers when it comes to multiplex decisions. Adults like Denise are typically more focused in specific directions, having gained insight and understanding from life events that teenagers and young adults have not yet experienced. No longer viewing the world from an absolute and rooted(p) perspective, middle adults have learned how to make compromises, question the establishment, and work through disputes. In recent years, colleges and universities have reported an increased enrollment of adult learnersstudents age 25 or older.Of course, labeling this age group as adult learners is not to imply that the typical college student is not also an adult. Academic institutions typically identify those outside the 1821 range as adults, because most have been working and rearing families for some time before deciding to enter or reenter college. Compared with younger students, adult learners may also have special needs anxiety or low self-confidence about taking cla sses with younger adults, feelings of faculty member isolation and alienation, fears of not fitting in, or difficulties juggling academic, work, and domestic schedules.Adults most often choose to go to college for work-related purposes. Many employers require workers to attain certain levels of education in order to qualify for promotions. Other workers go to college to learn new skills in preparation for another career. Additionally, certain organizations, such as state licensing boards, may require professionals to have a certain number of continuing education hours each year to prevent their licenses. Finally, adults may also return to college simply for personal enrichment.Social and emotional 18-65 years Young adults like Denise face some difficult developmental tasks. Denise maybe at the beginning of this stage is concerned with beginning a career. They may be studying to gain the serious qualifications, or training at the entry level of an organization. Some will not be so lucky. In many countries, youth unemployment rates have been very high during the last century and appear set to continue. Studying, employment and unemployment each presents its stresses.At the same time, young adults tend to be finding their way through the world of romance, which can also lead to stress and anguish. All of this happens alongside changes in relation- ships with parents, and the increasing expectation that the young person will take state for her own life including, perhaps, a shift to a new home. It would be an unusual person like denise indeed who proceeded through these developmental tasks without at least occasionally wondering who she is, or who she is becoming, and how she is faring compared to her peers.For most people, approach these issues brings a range of emotional reactions. Physical changes 65+ During late adulthood, the senses begin to dull. With age, the lenses of the eye discolor and become rigid, interfering with the perception of color and dist ance and the ability to read. Without corrective glasses, nearly half the elderly population would be legally blind. Hearing also diminishes, especially the ability to detect high-pitched sounds. As a result, the elderly may develop suspiciousness or even a mild form of paranoia to not being able to hear well.They may attribute bad intentions to those whom they believe are whispering or talking about them, rather than correctly attributing their problems to bad hearing. Hearing problems can be corrected with hearing aids, which are widely available. The sense of taste remains fairly intact into old age, even though the elderly may have difficulty distinguishing tastes within blended foods. By old age, however, the sense of smell shows a marked decline. Both of these declines in sensation may be due to medications, such as antihypertensive, as well as physical changes associated with old age.Intellectual development 65+ Some old people decide to retire some carry on working. noneth eless they still contribute in a good way to society as many of them give a positive view and things and are good role models to others. They give wise advice to people and people learn from it, during this age they may also enjoy playing board games or meeting other people their age. Many older adults croak about not being able to remember things as well as they once could. entrepot problems seem to be due to sensory storage problems in the short-term rather than long-term memory processes.That is, older adults tend to have much less difficulty recalling names and places from long ago than they do acquiring and recalling new information. Studies have shown that practice and repetition may help minimize the weakening of memory and other cognitive functions. Researchers have found that older adults can improve their scores on affiliate tests of mental abilities with only a few hours of training. Working puzzles, having hobbies, learning to use a computer, and reading are a few exa mples of activities or approaches to learning that can make a difference in older adults memory and cognitive functions.Emotional and social development 65 + After this age the older people may start feeling upset because of their age and may feel that theres no point of being in society because they are not able to do things. They will start getting mixed emotions. However many might feel happy as they will have more free time and spend it with family. Reference Healthy Children- physical development of school ages children. Bodycenter. com, parenting. com and cliffsnotes. com